When people talk about dementia risk factors, they usually mention age, genetics, or lifestyle choices like diet and exercise. But there’s one factor that often gets overlooked: tooth loss.
Research shows a strong link between tooth loss and dementia risk. A study by the National Institute on Aging found that individuals with more missing teeth faced, on average, a 48% higher risk of cognitive impairment and a 28% higher risk of dementia. Each lost tooth further increased the likelihood, highlighting the importance of oral health in overall brain function.
Those who have lost all their teeth, had a 54% higher risk of cognitive impairment and a 40% higher risk of dementia.
This is especially concerning given that, according to the CDC, 26% of adults aged 65 or older have 8 or fewer teeth, and 15% have lost all their teeth.
So what's the link?
While there’s no direct cause-and-effect relationship, experts have a few theories:
Nutritional Deficiencies – Fewer teeth make it harder to chew, which can lead to a poor diet lacking key nutrients for brain health. According to the CDC, severe tooth loss (8 or fewer teeth) makes it harder to eat meats, fruits, and vegetables, leading to an even greater challenge in maintaining a healthy diet.
Social Withdrawal – Poor oral health can lead to embarrassment, causing people to avoid social interactions—a known risk factor for cognitive decline.
Inflammation & Bacteria – Poor oral hygiene often leads to tooth loss, allowing harmful bacteria to build up in the mouth. This can cause gum disease and inflammation, which may have a ripple effect on brain health and increase the risk of dementia.
Cognitive Decline & Self-Care Struggles – Sometimes, tooth loss is an early warning sign of dementia. People with cognitive decline may struggle to keep up with brushing and flossing, leading to worsening oral health.
What can caregivers do? Caregivers play a crucial role in maintaining the oral health of older adults, and there are several effective ways to encourage better oral hygiene:
Establish a Routine – Encourage brushing and flossing at least twice a day, ideally at the same time and place, to create a habit that becomes part of their daily routine.
Adjust for Comfort – For those who struggle with mobility or dexterity, adjusting the brushing environment can help. If standing is difficult, allow them to brush their teeth while sitting. If they resist brushing, experiment with different toothbrushes or toothpaste. If gripping a toothbrush is challenging, try using a larger handle, an electric toothbrush, or an adaptive aid to make brushing easier and more comfortable.
Be Prepared to Assist – In some cases, you may need to step in and brush their teeth for them. Ensure you wash your hands, wear gloves, and keep all necessary supplies within easy reach. If they are still able to brush on their own, the Tell-Show-Do Method can be helpful: First, tell them what to do, then show them how to do it, and finally, assist them as needed.
Do Regular Dental Checkups – Regular professional cleanings and dental exams are essential to catch issues early. Encourage your loved one to visit their dentist regularly, and ask if dentures are a suitable option. Interestingly, studies have shown that wearing dentures does not significantly increase the risk of dementia compared to having natural teeth. This is likely because dentures allow individuals to chew and eat like they would with their own teeth, helping to maintain proper nutrition and continue social engagement. Download the the Oral Health & Aging Information For Caregivers PDF below from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research:
Beyond oral hygiene, caregivers should also promote a well-rounded approach to health. Encourage a nutritious, balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats while limiting sugar and saturated fats.
Staying hydrated and engaging in regular exercise can boost physical and brain health. Promoting social engagement and mentally stimulating activities will also support cognitive function and overall wellness.
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